Sand bulking — 200 mL cylinder

Calculate sand bulking from the final inundated sand reading after starting at the fixed 200 mL mark in a 250 mL cylinder.

Observations and units

• Inundated sand reading y (200 mL start) (mL)

Calculation

Bulking (%) = 100 × (200 / y − 1) = 100 × (200 − y) / y, with the fixed starting sand volume 200 mL and final inundated sand reading y in mL.

Method reference and limitations

IS 2386 (Part 3):1963, clauses 4.1–4.3.1; 4.3.3; 4.4. Cylinder method only (4.3.3). Shake moist sand to the 200 mL mark in a 250 mL graduated cylinder, add water sufficient to submerge it, stir well and read the sand surface y, not the water level. The starting volume is fixed by the method and cannot be changed through this worksheet. Inundated sand volume approximates dry loose volume; physical preparation is not certified. Report each independent determination to the nearest whole percent under 4.4, retaining exact arithmetic separately; no compulsory combined mean or automatic batching adjustment. The height method has a separate worksheet and observation schema.

Calculation and reporting rules audited within the documented profile; physical test execution and specification acceptance remain the operator’s responsibility. Independent qualified review is not recorded. No certificate or compliance decision.

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